1、历史知识
1, historical knowledge
鉴定书画要了解古代的生活习惯、器用服饰等等，但还不止于此。鉴定者除了要看见作品的艺术价值外，也要看到它的历史价值。除了可供研究当时的书法艺术，还蕴藏着丰厚的历史材料价值。缺乏历史知识，既无法对这些东西作出恰当的估价，也不可能根据历史材料来判断它的真伪。
Identification of painting and calligraphy to understand ancient habits, clothing and so on, but not more than that. In addition to seeing the artistic value of the work, the appraiser should also see its historical value. In addition to the art of calligraphy at that time, it also contained rich historical material value. Without historical knowledge, it is impossible to make a proper estimate of these things or to judge the authenticity of historical material.

2、文学知识
2, literature knowledge
山东收购名人字画会对他们的思想、感情、风格有更的认识。遇到某一派的书画时，对他们的了解就不仅仅是某件作品所提供给我们的信息，还有较深刻、的理解，这对鉴定也是有帮助的。
Shandong's acquisition of famous paintings will give them a more comprehensive understanding of their thoughts, feelings and styles. When we meet a faction of painting and calligraphy, the understanding of them is not just the information provided by a piece of work, but also a deeper and comprehensive understanding, which is also helpful for the appraisal.
此外，前人写字常录古人的诗文，画幅也常题古人的诗句，或标明某某人的诗意。明人写唐诗、宋诗固然常见，如果宋人、元人写了明人的诗便露了马脚。
In addition, the former writers often recorded the ancient poetry, the picture also often questions ancient poetry, or indicate someone's poetry. Ming Tang and Song poetry writing is common, if the yuan, the Ming Dynasty people wrote poetry had betrayed.
3、艺术欣赏和对操作方法的了解
3 、 art appreciation and understanding of operation methods
山东收购名人字画前代书画得到后人珍重爱护，作品的艺术价值往往是首要因素。如果鉴定者毫无艺术欣赏能力，也难以对作品的真伪作出准确判断。
Shandong acquisition of celebrity paintings before the generation of painting and calligraphy, to later generations treasure, love, the artistic value of the work is often the primary factor. If the appraiser does not have the art appreciation ability, it is difficult to judge the authenticity of the works.
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