字画是精美的艺术品,藏于箱底秘不示人的做法是不可取的,这样做就不能及时了解字画的潜在变化。所以,对装裱以后的字画都要间隔地挂展一段时间。在挂展期间,要注意及时除尘,因为吸附的尘埃长久沉积,会侵蚀画面。城市中,通常要一周除一次尘。可用电吹风的冷风与画面成30度角,保持10-15厘米的距离从右到左扫一遍,或者用鸡毛掸轻轻扫一下画面。也可在用软毛刷扫画面的同时用开到低风挡的吸尘器吸尘,细小的部位可用小毛笔细心的扫拭。千万不可用抹布一类的东西去擦画面,因为这样,有害尘埃会在擦的过程中侵入画面纸张的纹理,造成长期的损害。国一金典鉴赏专员指出在挂展期间,还要注意空气的湿度,若遇阴雨连绵,空气湿度特别大,可以先把字画卷收起来。人为改变小空间环境,如加热取暖,加湿加香,都要倍加注意。冬天取暖,字画要与暖气等取暖设备保持一定距离,尤其在使用加湿器的时候一定要加倍留意。夏日制冷时,要与空调保持一定距离。
Calligraphy and painting are exquisite works of art, and it is not advisable to hide them secretly at the bottom of the box, as this approach cannot timely understand the potential changes in calligraphy and painting. So, the calligraphy and painting after mounting should be hung and displayed at intervals for a period of time. During the exhibition period, it is important to pay attention to timely dust removal, as the adsorbed dust can accumulate for a long time and erode the image. In cities, dust removal is usually done once a week. You can use the cool air of a hair dryer to form a 30 degree angle with the image, maintain a distance of 10-15 centimeters, and sweep it from right to left, or use a feather duster to gently sweep the image. You can also use a soft bristle brush to sweep the screen while vacuuming with a low windshield vacuum cleaner. Small areas can be carefully wiped with a small brush. Never use a cloth or similar object to wipe the image, as harmful dust can invade the texture of the paper during the wiping process, causing long-term damage. The appreciation specialist of the National First Golden Classic pointed out that during the exhibition period, attention should also be paid to the humidity of the air. If there is continuous rain and the humidity is particularly high, the calligraphy and painting can be rolled up first. People should pay extra attention to changing the environment of small spaces, such as heating, humidification, and fragrance. In winter heating, calligraphy and painting should be kept at a certain distance from heating equipment such as heating, especially when using a humidifier. During summer cooling, maintain a certain distance from the air conditioner.
光照也是对字画影响大的自然因素,为避免画面颜料蜕变、分解,或纸质变化,在挂画时,不要靠近窗户,避免太阳光直接照射画面。虽说灯泡或日光灯对字画的影响不大,但长时间近距离照射也能使纸质变黄。所以,在房子布局安排上,应该让灯泡或日光灯与所悬挂字画保持1米以上的距离,并选用低功率灯光源。
Lighting is also a natural factor that has a significant impact on calligraphy and painting. To avoid the degradation, decomposition, or paper changes of the paint on the screen, when hanging the painting, do not approach the window to avoid direct sunlight on the screen. Although light bulbs or fluorescent lamps have little effect on calligraphy and painting, prolonged close exposure can also cause paper to turn yellow. Therefore, in the layout arrangement of the house, the distance between the light bulb or fluorescent lamp and the hanging calligraphy and painting should be kept at least 1 meter, and low-power light sources should be selected.
在挂展、除尘之后,还要观察字画表面有无变化,若有霉点、虫蛀点,则要送到相关部门进行保护处理。卷字画时,先松后紧,就是先松松卷起后,再慢慢旋转轴头,把字画卷紧卷实。在听到适当的响声后用画带进行捆扎,捆扎的轻重一定要适度,太松使画卷松动,易于被折压;太紧使画卷中间留下捆扎的硬痕迹,影响画面整体美观。
After hanging and dust removal, it is also necessary to observe whether there are any changes on the surface of the calligraphy and painting. If there are mold or insect infestations, they should be sent to the relevant department for protection and treatment. When rolling calligraphy and painting, first loosen and then tighten, that is, first loosen and roll up, then slowly rotate the spindle to roll the calligraphy and painting tightly. After hearing the appropriate sound, use a picture tape to tie it up. The weight of the binding must be moderate, as too loose can make the picture roll loose and easy to be folded and pressed; Being too tight leaves hard marks of binding in the middle of the scroll, affecting the overall aesthetics of the picture.
对于在挂展或卷放时,纸张承受的响应的拉力和张力来说,挂展的时间不宜太长,一年可挂展两次,每次12个月即可。
For the tensile force and tension that the paper bears when hanging or rolling, the hanging time should not be too long. It can be hung twice a year, each time for 1-2 months.
防虫、防霉、防火,控制和调节温度、湿度都是十分必要的。对藏品的存放环境来说,要求书画柜或书画箱要具有良好的密封性,可以避光防潮。有条件的就一定要把字画悬空放置,下面留出一定空间放置干燥剂、防虫剂、防霉剂。为了,这些试剂都应当用布或透气性较好的纸包起来。若要移动和运输字画,应当先将药品取出,到了新的存放地方,再重新放入药品。
Insect prevention, mold prevention, fire prevention, and controlling and adjusting temperature and humidity are all necessary. For the storage environment of collectibles, it is required that the calligraphy and painting cabinet or box should have good sealing and be protected from light and moisture. If conditions permit, it is necessary to hang the calligraphy and painting in the air, leaving a certain space below to place desiccants, insect repellents, and mold inhibitors. For safety reasons, these reagents should be wrapped in cloth or breathable paper. If you want to move and transport calligraphy and paintings, you should first remove the medicine, move it to a new storage location, and then put it back in.