一张画辛辛苦苦修复好要经过多道工序，当时交出去很平整，但时间一长，或者换了环境、气候，或者保管不力，都会出现不平整。下面
收购名人字画人员来讲讲影响书画卷轴平整的两个方面。
A painting has to go through many processes to be repaired. At that time, it was very smooth to hand over. However, over a long period of time, or the environment, climate, or storage is poor, it will appear uneven. Now let's talk about two aspects that affect the flatness of calligraphy and painting scroll.
一，材料问题。
1、 Material problems.
纸、绢等都是书画装裱的物质基础，与卷轴平整的质量有着直接的关系。纸张材料有很多，我们做修裱更会遇到不同时代、不同质地的纸。我们裱画的纸要柔软、柔韧，熟纸附着力比较差，一般比较脆，不能裱画。宣纸有利于保存，而且不会褪色，相对来说寿命比较长。博物馆面对的是文物，都是用安徽产的好的宣纸，比如红星、汪六吉牌的。如果纸选择不好，会造成厚度凹凸不平。绢、绫用于装裱比较少，主要的原料一般是选择湖州双林绫绢，这是个老厂，材料是真丝的，质量比较好。以前材料比较紧张，有的混合了人工丝，或者丝的粗细不匀，也会影响卷轴的平整。
Paper, silk and so on are the material basis for the mounting of calligraphy and painting, and have a direct relationship with the quality of the smoothness of the scroll. There are many kinds of paper materials, and we will encounter papers of different ages and different textures when we do the mounting. The paper we mount should be soft and flexible. The adhesion of cooked paper is poor and generally fragile. Rice paper is good for preservation and will not fade, so its life is relatively long. The museum is faced with cultural relics, which are made of good rice paper produced in Anhui, such as Red Star and Wangliuji. If the paper is not selected properly, the thickness will be uneven. Silk and damask are rarely used for mounting. The main raw material is usually Huzhou Shuanglin damask. This is an old factory. The material is real silk and the quality is good. In the past, the materials were relatively tight, some were mixed with artificial silk, or the thickness of the silk was uneven, which would also affect the smoothness of the reel.
二，浆糊问题。
2、 Paste problem.
浆糊对修裱的质量，尤其是平整度起着举足轻重的作用。密度过大会影响卷轴的硬性，我们要求卷轴柔软，否则会产生折痕，会断裂。面粉的密度大于淀粉，面粉里有面筋，面筋起到很大的作用。浆头不能太稀，冲的时候要用劲，我们靠开水打熟，水也不能多，要顺着方向不能反过来。真正打得好的浆又要厚，又要有透明度。新打的浆糊不稳定，这样来裱画会出现不平整的现象，需要冷却。浆糊厚薄根据纸张的质地来调兑，浆水太薄了就没有黏力，太厚裱完就太硬。调制浆糊是既平常又复杂的问题，我们针对画芯材料以及环境、气候等因素，凭经验和手感，多做就出来了。
Paste plays an important role in the quality of mounting, especially the flatness. Excessive density will affect the rigidity of the reel. We require the reel to be soft, otherwise it will produce creases and fracture. The density of flour is greater than that of starch. There is gluten in flour, which plays a great role. The head of the slurry should not be too thin, and we should use hard when flushing. We should use boiling water to make it mature, and the water should not be too much. We should follow the direction and not reverse. The really good pulp should be thick and transparent. The newly made paste is unstable, so the mounting will be uneven and need cooling. The thickness of the paste is adjusted according to the texture of the paper. If the paste is too thin, it will have no adhesion, and if it is too thick, it will be too hard. Making paste is a common and complex problem. We can do more based on experience and feel for the core material, environment, climate and other factors.
The problem of roll leveling is a complex system problem. In general, subjectivity and objectivity play an equally important role. The smoothness of the scroll not only affects the beauty of the painting and calligraphy, but also the repair quality, protection and inheritance of the painting and calligraphy. Come to our website if you have any needs http://www.jinandayatang.com Ask!
