鉴别书画真伪既是一门高深的学问，也是一项复杂的技术。要想判清真假，鉴别者不但要修养深，见识广，而且要懂得多种学科知识，多听多看，增加眼力。用一些技术手段来判别真伪比较准确，而且不需要什么工具，这里字画鉴定评估就给大家介绍一种基本常识——通过看墨色鉴别书画作品的真伪！
Identifying the authenticity of calligraphy and painting is not only a profound knowledge, but also a complex technology. In order to judge halal falsehood, the discriminator should not only be well-educated and knowledgeable, but also be knowledgeable in many disciplines, listen more, see more and increase his eyesight. Using some technical means to judge the authenticity is more accurate, and does not need any tools, here the appraisal of calligraphy and painting to introduce you a basic common sense - by looking at ink to identify the authenticity of calligraphy and painting works!
墨色由于时间长久，会有一些特征，宋代及宋以前作品，其墨色上会出现一层白霜，细看则无，剥刮也不褪去。墨色之内有一层莓苔，似隐似理，剥刮不退。伪作是用香灰吹散，使之粘附于墨色之上，如果一经擦拭，墨色就显得黑亮，与自然生成的大为不同，于彩色更不能仿，宋和宋以前的绘画，颜色均匀，已泌入纸绢之内，将纤维完全染透。元明时代的绘画虽然次于宋代，但也深入里面。新作或仿作的绘画，其墨迹或颜色均在表面，轻浮而不沉着，光亮而不浓重，虽然用熏旧法处理，但仍会露出新作的痕迹，新旧放在一起比较，真伪就明显了。
Because of the long time, there will be some characteristics of ink. In the works of Song Dynasty and before Song Dynasty, there will be a layer of white frost on the ink. If you look at it carefully, it will not fade. There is a layer of raspberry moss in the dark color, which seems unreasonable and can not be scraped back. The artifact is to spread the aromatic ash and make it adhere to the ink. Once wiped, the ink appears bright and black, which is quite different from the natural color. As for the color, it can not be imitated. The paintings before Song and Song Dynasty are uniform in color, which has been secreted into the paper silk, and the fibers are dyed thoroughly. Painting in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties was second to that in the Song Dynasty, but it also went deep into it. New or imitation paintings, whose ink or color are on the surface, light but not calm, bright and not heavy, although treated with fumigation, but still reveal the traces of new works, the old and new together, the authenticity is obvious.
除去看墨色鉴别的方法：看图章鉴别法和看题跋鉴别法。
In addition to the method of identifying ink color, the method of identifying seal and the method of identifying inscriptions and postscripts.
1、看图章。图章看似不起眼，但它能分出书画的真伪。唐宋作品盖有图章的很少，不像后来，没盖章不算完卷。宋以前均用铜章，偶而也用象牙、犀角作章。明初王冕开始用花乳石作名章，明中叶以后才有青田、寿山、昌化等各种石章。作伪者不明此理，为了容易刻，一律用石章。印章由于用料不同，印迹会有不同，从中可分辨真伪。宋以前用水印，用水调朱涂，使之厚重。南宋以后渐用蜜印，以蜜调朱，使之浓附于上。元代开始用油朱调艾，到乾隆时才开始用八宝印泥。作伪者一概使用八宝印泥，结果会露出破绽。另外，元以前印不精，也没奇异式样，作伪者往往凭空想象，反而画蛇添足。
1. Look at the seal. Seals may seem insignificant, but they can tell the authenticity of paintings and calligraphy. Few Tang and Song works have stamps on them, unlike later works, which are not finished without stamps. Before the Song Dynasty, bronze medals were used, and occasionally ivory and rhinoceros horns were used. In the early Ming Dynasty, Wang Mian began to use lactite as a famous seal. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were Qingtian, Shoushan, Changhua and other stone stamps. Falsifiers do not understand this. In order to engrave easily, they always use stone stamps. Seals may be imprinted differently because of different materials, from which the authenticity can be distinguished. Before the Song Dynasty, water was used to make Zhu Tu thick and heavy. After the Southern Song Dynasty, honey seals were gradually used to mix Zhu with honey to make it strongly attached to it. The Yuan Dynasty began to use oil Zhu to adjust Ai, and the Qianlong Dynasty began to use eight treasures of printing mud. The counterfeiters always use Babao printing mud, and the result will show flaws. In addition, before the Yuan Dynasty, the printing was not perfect, and there was no strange style. The counterfeiters often imagined by imagination, but painted snakes and added feet.
2、看题跋。古书画有题跋者，大多出自各带名贤之手，名贤珍惜名声，必须对要题跋的画有深切了解后，方肯下笔。因此，对有名贤题跋的书画，如能证明其所题跋为真，就不必查作品真伪如何，一般是真迹无疑。古代名人书画无题跋已有收藏价值，如果再伪作题跋，被人发现后岂不破坏原作的价值，没人干此蠢事。所以题跋是假作品必伪，题跋若是真迹，作品必真。
2. Look at the topic and postscript. Ancient paintings and calligraphy have inscriptions and postscripts, mostly from the hands of the famous people, who cherish their reputation, must have a deep understanding of the painting to inscribe postscripts before they will write. Therefore, if the calligraphy and painting inscribed by a famous person can prove that the inscription is true, it is not necessary to check the authenticity of the work. Generally, there is no doubt about the authenticity of the work. Ancient celebrities'calligraphy and painting without inscriptions and postscripts already have collecting value. If they were faked again, they would not destroy the value of the original work if they were discovered. Nobody did such a foolish thing. Therefore, inscriptions and postscripts are false works, and if inscriptions and postscripts are authentic works must be true.
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